بررسی چالش‌‌های روش‌‌شناختی مطالعات انجام شده پیرامون رابطه محیط کالبدی و چاقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در سال‌‌های اخیر، با افزایش نگرانی‌‌های جهانی نسبت به شیوع چاقی، تحقیقات زیادی پیرامون پیوند میان مؤلفه‌‌های محیط کالبدی، فعالیت‌‌بدنی، چاقی و بیماری‌‌های مرتبط صورت گرفته است. با این وجود، چالش‌‌های روش‌‌شناختی مانع از دستیابی به نتایج متقن و کاربست یافته‌‌ها در عمل شده است. مقاله حاضر سعی دارد تا با مرور ادبیات تجربی، به نقد و آسیب‌‌شناسی روش‌‌شناسی تحقیقات انجام شده در حوزه پیوند میان مؤلفه‌‌های محیط، فعالیت بدنی، چاقی و بیماری‌‌های مرتبط با آن بپردازد. این پژوهش، با توجه به اهداف و ماهیت خود یک فرا-روش از زیرمجموعه فرا-مطالعه است. ابتدا، مقاله‌ها از طیف متنوعی از پایگاه‌‌های داده‌‌ و موتورهای جستجو مانند گوگل اسکالر۱، پاپ مد۲، اسکوپوس۳ و وب آو ساینس۴  مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. سپس، مقاله‌ها بر اساس وابستگی به موضوع، تعداد ارجاعات و جدید بودن یافته‌‌ها انتخاب گردیدند و در نهایت کدگذاری شدند. یافته‌‌ها نشان می‌‌دهد، ناسازگاری میان معیارهای محیط عینی و ادراکی، ابهام در تعریف واحد همسایگی، عدم پایایی و روایی خودگزینی محیط واحدهای مسکونی۵، متغیرهای واسطه و نادیده انگاشتن جابه‌جایی محل سکونت گروه هدف و غلبه مطالعات مقطعی بر کوهورت۶، امکان مقایسه نتایج و شکل‌‌گیری یافته‌‌های متقن را که بتواند پشتوانه نظری محکمی برای برگردان آنها به سیاست‌‌های راهبردی فراهم نماید، دشوار می‌‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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