تفاوت نظام مسکن در کشورهای درحال توسعه با تجارب اروپایی، با تأکید بر بازتعریف مفهوم و نقش مسکن اجتماعی در برآوردن نیاز مسکن اقشار کم درآمد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشجوی دوره دکتری برنامه‌ریزی و توسعه، دانشگاه لوون، بلژیک

چکیده

این مقاله وجوه نظری تفاوتهای ساختاری در مفهوم مسکن اجتماعی بین کشورهای اروپایی و کشورهای در حال توسعه را بررسی میکند. بهعبارت دیگر تمرکز مقاله بر این موضوع است که برای بازتعریف مسکن اجتماعی در کشورهای درحال توسعه از جمله ایران باید به نکات مهمی توجه کرد که ریشه در تمایزات اساسی موجود بین نظامهای مسکن این کشورها و کشورهای اروپایی دارد. مسکن اجتماعی در کشورهای در حال توسعه در مقایسه با تجارب اروپایی نتوانسته بهعنوان یکی از روشهای مؤثر در تأمین مسکن ایفای نقش نماید. در دهههای اخیر اگرچه تفاوتهای بین نظامهای مسکن کشورهای مختلف دنیا از بین رفته، با این وجود مقاله حاضر ادعا میکند که پنج اختلاف اساسی را شناسایی کرده است که در مقایسه و تطبیق تجارب مسکن اجتماعی کشورهای اروپایی با کشوری مثل ایران باید مورد نظر قرار گیرد. این نکات عبارتاند از: 1) تضاد در مفهوم جهانیشدن، 2) وجود دولتهای توسعهطلب، 3) نقش کلیدی مسکن غیررسمی، 4) نقش کلیدی خانواده، 5) نظام نابسامان تأمین اجتماعی و تفاوت اساسی در بازار نیروی کار. در نهایت این مقاله با واسازی مفهوم مسکن اجتماعی چنین نتیجه میگیرد که تطبیق مفهوم مسکن اجتماعی در سازوکار مسکن کشوری چون ایران نیازمند مداقه جدی و توجه به نکات خاصی است و نمیتوان مفاهیم شکل گرفته در کشورهای اروپایی را مستقیماً در نظام مسکن این کشور اجرا کرد.

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