مفهوم شهر هوشمند: مرور نظام‌‌مند تعاریف شهر هوشمند با استفاده از روش تحلیل مفهوم تکاملی راجرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران

چکیده

تاکنون تلاش‌‌های گوناگونی برای روشن ساختن مفهوم «شهر هوشمند» شده است اما روشن ساختن مسائل مفهومی آن با استفاده از روشی نظام‌‌مند یک ضرورت است. در این تحقیق، پرسش از مفهوم شهر هوشمند، پرسشی‌ست نظری از چیستی این مفهوم در تعاریف ارائه‌‌شده در ادبیات نظری برای واضح‌‌سازی این مفهوم با استفاده از روش تحلیل مفهوم تکاملی راجرز. بدین‌‌ترتیب با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای جهت‌‌دار، بر پایۀ عناصر ساختاری ارائه‌شده در روش تحلیل مفهوم تکاملی راجرز (پیش‌آیندها، ویژگی‌‌ها و پس‌آیندهای مفهوم)، کدگذاری داده‌‌ها و شناسایی مقوله‌‌ها در محتوای 99 تعریف شهر هوشمند انجام شده است. شناسایی پیش‌آیندهای مفهوم در تعاریف، مبین آن است که اگرچه مفهوم شهر هوشمند به‌شدت تحت تأثیر فضای مه‌‌آلود و پرهیاهوی بازار فنّاوری است ولیکن اکنون از مسیرهای تعیین‌شده توسط شرکت‌‌های عرضه‌کننده فنّاوری کمتر سخن گفته‌می‌‌شود و بیشتر بر زمینه و چشم‌‌انداز در توسعۀ این مفهوم تأکید می‌‌شود. وجه مشخصۀ اکثر تعاریف، تمایل به مشخص کردن ویژگی‌‌های عام عملکردی (اقتصاد، مردم، حکمروایی و ...) هوشمند برای شهر است و عینیّت یافتن ویژگی‌‌های ساختاری و عملکردی شهر هوشمند، عمدتاً با سه نتیجه – کیفیت زندگی، پایداری و بهینه‌‌سازی فرایندها - مرتبط دانسته شده است. تکامل مفهوم شهر هوشمند، تابع هم‌‌آفرینی فنّاوری طی فرایند مشارکت همدلانه شهروندان است تا نقش شهروندان از «سوژه‌های داده» متخصصان فنّی به عاملیتی توانمند در هوشمند کردن شهرها ارتقاء یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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