Developing an Urban Design Framework for the Privacy of Pilgrimage Shrines by Applying the Comprehensive Territoriality Approach Case Study: The Peripheral Territory of Hazrat Masoumeh’s Holy Shrine

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 M. A. in Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

The discussion of the territory is one of the important principles and social dimensions of the public spaces. Territories play a significant role in access to sacred places; privacy of holy places is a sacred territory with special features that always need special attention and consideration by city managers, pilgrims and neighbors to maintain the sense of sanctity and identity. The construction, development and organization of the territory of these places should be in line with the culture of the pilgrimage and enhancing the quality of pilgrimage hierarchy to the holy place in pilgrims. As the ultimate goal of pilgrimage for the pilgrims is to achieve the spiritual values and religious intuitions, the territory of these places in religious cities should be in accordance with the pilgrimage customs and rituals. Hence, the attention to the spiritual territory of these places in response to the pilgrimage rituals is necessary for designing these public territories. Despite the considerations made by the city managers in recent years, the territory of the holy shrine in the historical and central core of Qom city, still encounters the following problems: the ignorance of the cultural heritage codes, the existence of the incompatible land uses against the religious spirit of this territory, noise pollution, visual pollution, traffic in the city center, disrespect to visual privacy of the holy shrine with monorail crossing Qom road and its violation to the cultural heritage of holy shrine. The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework of urban design for the privacy of the pilgrimage shrines with a comprehensive territoriality approach and evaluate it in the peripheral territory of Hazrat Masoumeh’s holy shrine as a case study. This research has been conducted through a mixed paradigm and a descriptive-analytical research method. Data collection tools include library-documentary studies, opinions of urban experts, observation and a questionnaire. The data were analyzed through both quantitative and qualitative methods. In doing that, techniques such as Isovist, space syntax, SPSS software for statistical data analysis, sensewalking, soundscapes technique by Sound Analyzer TES-1358 in two time periods of day and night, and behavioral perceptions have been used to evaluate this territory. Based on the findings of this paper, the urban design framework with the aim of respecting the privacy of pilgrimage shrines could be portrayed in line with the following factors: the physical-spatial (with indicators of transformation layers, permeability, street pattern, orientation, density pattern,  grain pattern, centrality, hierarchy and identifiable thresholds, space syntax), functional-behavioral (with indicators of  land-use and activity, social participation, social ownership and surveillance, social relations and interactions), visual (with indicators of views identification, legibility of landmarks, unity in plurality), and perceptual organizations (with indicators of sensescape, symbolism, motivational, sense of spirituality, sense of humility, territory identity, imageability and clarity). The results of the evaluation of the framework in the studied case indicate the lack of attention to some indicators and measures of urban design, especially in the visual, perceptual, and functional-behavioral organizations in the territory of Hazrat Masoumeh’s holy shrine.

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References

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Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning
Volume 14, Issue 34
March 2022
Pages 113-141

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