تبیین مفهوم فضاهای عمومی شهری با رویکرد فرهنگ مبنا: مرور سیستماتیک و فراتحلیل کیفی

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر دکتری شهرسازی اسلامی، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف تبیین مفهوم فضاهای عمومی شهری از منظر فرهنگ‌مبنا انجام شده است. در این راستا، با بهره‌گیری از رویکرد کیفی و روش مرور نظام‌مند همراه با فراتحلیل کیفی، 1174 مقاله بین‌المللی در بازه زمانی 2014 تا 2024 شناسایی و پس‌از غربالگری براساس معیارهای علمی ‌و در قالب چارچوب پریزما، 40 مقاله به‌طور نهایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که فضای عمومی صرفاً عرصه‌ای کالبدی نیست، بلکه سازه‌ای چندبعدی با ابعاد اجتماعی، فرهنگی، سیاسی و اقتصادی است که هم‌زمان بستر تعاملات مدنی، بازنمایی ارزش‌های فرهنگی و عرصه سیاست‌گذاری شهری محسوب می‌شود. تحلیل محتوای مطالعات منتخب آشکار ساخت که فرهنگ در سه سطح مکمل عمل می‌کند: در سطح مفهومی–نظری، فرهنگ بنیان تعریف و معنا‌بخشی به فضای عمومی است؛ در سطح علّی–تبیینی، فرهنگ به‌مثابه نیروی شکل‌دهنده به پیامدهای اجتماعی–سیاسی و هویت جمعی تحلیل می‌شود؛ و در سطح کاربستی–راهبردی، فرهنگ نقشی محوری در طراحی، سیاست‌گذاری و ارزیابی کیفیت فضا دارد. دستاورد نظری پژوهش ارائه چارچوبی سه‌سطحی برای فهم نسبت فرهنگ و فضای عمومی است؛ چارچوبی که می‌تواند خلأ موجود در ادبیات پراکنده را پوشش دهد. این مطالعه بر لزوم توسعه شاخص‌های بومی، مطالعات تطبیقی و بهره‌گیری از فناوری‌های نوین در برنامه‌ریزی و مدیریت فضای عمومی شهری تأکید می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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