دانشگاه هنر ایران نامه معماری و شهرسازی 2717-1299 3 5 2011 02 20 Comparative Study of City Sprawl in Three Middle Range Cities of Iran: Ardabil, Sanandaj and Kashan بررسی تطبیقی پراکنده‌رویی در سه شهر میانی ایران‎ ‎‎(نمونه موردی: شهرهای اردبیل، سنندج، کاشان) 25 44 180 10.30480/aup.2011.180 FA قادر احمدی دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهران محمدمهدی عزیزی استاد دانشکده شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهران اسفندیار زبردست استاد دانشکده شهرسازی، دانشگاه تهران Journal Article 2011 01 05 Abstract<br />The term “urban sprawl” is often used as a synonym for undesired low-density or otherwise unplanned<br />urban spatial development. More often, though, sprawl is defined in terms of “undesirable” land-use<br />patterns—whether scattered development, leapfrog development (a type of scattered development that<br />assumes a mono centric city), strip or ribbon development, or continuous low-density development.<br />However, the precise definition, as well as its desirability, is debated. From mid of twenty century, urban<br />sprawl has become as a main subject and challenge in spatial policy making agenda of most of<br />governments. In this kind of urban expansion, land as a main source of development is utilized in a higher<br />rate than population growth. Such kinds of development, for lack of mixed land use, lack of centrality and<br />inefficiency in accessibility, etc. leads to wasting non-recyclable resources and energies (resources like<br />land for developments and energy for center-periphery commuting) on the one hand, and polluting<br />environment as their impacts on the other hand. However, intensity and substance and physical forms of<br />urban Sprawl would be different dependent upon levels of economic and social development of countries<br />and their planning system. Major factors which caused the urban sprawl in Iran were parallel with starting<br />exogenous development process in the country. Rapid urbanization fueled by motorization, rapid growth<br />of population and rural –urban immigration, central government ineffective land policy, land speculation,<br />etc. prevent from infill development and led to land uselessness within cities as well as increasing urban<br />sprawl in suburbs. All these processes led to a massive transformation of agricultural land into urban landuses<br />all over the country and provided some evidences that urban is taking place as a pattern of<br />development. So, it seems that the mentioned pattern in our country is different from its origins (in<br />American cities). Although the urban sprawl began four decades ago in Iran, but has yet to be empirically<br />measured or characterized. Present paper aims at defining and measuring the characteristics of urban<br />sprawl in three middle range Iranian cities according to a preferred theoretical framework inferred from<br />literature review. In case studies, the authors have used GIS based data and methods like factor analysis<br />and SPSS for measuring their urban development characteristics and defining the areas that show higher<br />indices of sprawl development. Research findings indicate that lack of centrality and low level of mixed<br />land use are the main factors defining urban sprawl development in the case studies. This is in contrast<br />with western countries' situation in which low density development is the main characteristic of sprawl.<br />The findings show that the highest rate of urban sprawl is observed in the areas of Sanandadj and Ardabil<br />that were developed and affected directly by the governmental land policies.<br /><br /> قرن بیستم در دستور کار حکومت‌های بسیاری از کشورها قرار گرفته است. چنین الگویی موجب شکل‌گیری نوعی از گسترش می‌شود که به دلیل عدم اختلاط کاربری‌ها، فقدان مرکزیت و ضعف و ناکارآمدی در دسترسی، از یک سو به اتلاف منابع و انرژی دامن می‌زند (مانند زمین برای ساخت‌وساز، و انرژی برای حمل‌ونقل بین نقاط)؛ و از سوی دیگر آلاینده‌های مختلف محیطی تولید می‌کند. به نظر می‌رسد مفهومِ پراکنده‌رویی، با تعاریف اغلب متکی بر منابع کشورهای غربی، در ایران در قالب الگوهای متفاوتی ظاهر بشود. هدف این مقاله اندازه‌گیری و تعریف مشخصه‌های پراکنده‌رویی شهری در سه شهر میانی اردبیل و کاشان و سنندج، براساس چارچوب نظری مرجح در شرایط ایران است. در این مطالعه از داده‌های تحت سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، روش تحلیل عاملی و SPSS استفاده شده است. به نظر می‌رسد در الگوهای پراکنده‌رویی شهری در شهرهای میانی، برخلاف کشورهای توسعه‌یافته غربی که در آنها توسعه کم‌تراکم مشخصه اصلی است، فقدان مرکزیت و ضعف اختلاط کاربری عمده‌ترین مشخصه‌های تعریف این پراکنده‌رویی‌اند.     https://aup.journal.art.ac.ir/article_180_225690d21a14fa9087a4083c5834e556.pdf